27 April 2025: 2 Easter

Introduction to Readers

Enough! the Resurrection, A heart’s-clarion! Away grief’s gasping, joyless days, dejection. Across my foundering deck shone, A beacon, an eternal beam.” (Gerard Manley Hopkins, SJ)

We can see it all around us if we’re willing to look at it. In 2023, U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy highlighted loneliness and social isolation as a significant public health crisis, affecting nearly half of U.S. adults (even before the COVID-19 pandemic). Let that sink in. And it is cross-generational. Spend any amount of time with young people in our schools, and you will see its insidious nature. In an extensive report, Murthy called for a national strategy to rebuild social connections, including an active role by communities of faith, viewing relationships as essential for individual and societal well-being.

Gerard Manley Hopkins

Though a somber note to open this week’s blog, the loneliness epidemic has been on my mind throughout our recent Lenten journey and reminds us that we live in a broken and impermanent world. A year before his untimely death in 1888, Jesuit Priest Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889) penned a verse — That Nature Is a Heraclitean Fire and of the Comfort of the Resurrection — that explored the banishing grief produced by the world’s impermanence (“joyless days”). Though written long ago, his words speak to our time. And, the antidote to hopelessness? The transformative power of Christ’s resurrection (“a beacon, an eternal beam”). If ever our world needs to hear the story of Jesus Christ and his powerful love for the outcast, afflicted, and weary brothers and sisters in our midst, this is it. As Christians, we have much work to do.

Pope Francis (1936-2025)

Thanks for visiting this space again this week! We have reached that phase in our liturgical calendar known as Eastertide — the 50 days between Easter Sunday and Pentecost. It begins with Easter celebrations of the resurrection and culminates in Pentecost, commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles. We have several commemorations in our church calendar this week: Anselm, Bishop of Canterbury (d. 21 April 1109), Toyohiko Kagawa, renewer of society (d. 23 April 1960), and Mark, Evangelist (25 April). And, I have just learned about the death of Pope Francis. Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in 1936, Francis was the first Pope from the Americas (Argentina) and southern hemisphere, and also the first Jesuit to hold the position. This quote from Francis’ captures his approach: “It is not enough to say we are Christians. We must live the faith, not only with our words, but with our actions.” It seems fitting that he journeyed across on Easter Monday. May God guard the soul of our Christian brother.

My reflections this week will focus on the story of Thomas as offered in John’s Gospel. I will also cite a wonderful prayer inspired by Thomas’ story. And I hope you will enjoy a choral piece from the Stellenbosch University Choir of South Africa.

Look for the convergence of the following themes as you explore the readings for 2 Easter: THE RESURRECTION, FAITH, and DIVINE AUTHORTY. In Acts 5:27-32, the apostles boldly proclaim Jesus’ resurrection despite opposition, highlighting obedience to God over human authority. Psalm 118:14-29 celebrates God’s salvation and steadfast love, portraying the rejected stone becoming the cornerstone. Revelation 1:4-8 and John 20:19-31 both affirm Jesus’ eternal power and presence, encouraging believers to trust in His victory over death.

Focus Passage: John 20: 19-31

TRY LUTHER’S METHOD!

Luther’s Revision of the Lectio Divina
(Three Steps)

Oratio (Prayer): This is the starting point, where one humbly prays for the Holy Spirit’s guidance to understand God’s Word. Luther emphasized that prayer prepares the heart and mind to receive divine wisdom.

Meditatio (Meditation): This involves deeply engaging with Scripture, not just reading it but reflecting on it repeatedly. Luther encouraged believers to “chew on” the Word, allowing its meaning to sink in and shape their thoughts and actions.

Tentatio (Struggle): Often translated as “trial” or “temptation,” this refers to the challenges and spiritual battles that arise as one seeks to live according to God’s Word. Luther saw these struggles as a way God refines faith, making it more resilient and authentic.

Luther’s Seal

It is fascinating to consider that Christ appeared to many individuals and groups during the 40 days after His resurrection. Saint Paul provides a summary in 1 Corinthians 15:3-8, mentioning appearances to Peter (Cephas), the Twelve (including Thomas), over 500 people at once, James, all the apostles, and finally to Paul himself. The Gospels and Acts also record appearances to Mary Magdalene, the disciples on the road to Emmaus, and others.

Thomas’ post-resurrection encounter with Jesus (I’m not a fan of his nickname) is highlighted as the first Gospel message after Easter because it addresses a central theme of the Resurrection: faith in the unseen. Thomas initially doubts the testimony of the other disciples about Jesus’ resurrection. When Jesus appears to him, Thomas believes, exclaiming, “My Lord and my God!” Jesus responds, “Blessed are those who have not seen and yet have come to believe.” It’s a powerful encounter and appears only in John’s Gospel.

“The Incredulity of Saint Thomas” by Caravaggio, c. 1602
St. Thomas Mount, Near Madras, India

Before exploring its meaning, some quick context regarding Thomas. Saint Thomas, also called Didymus or “the Twin,” was one of Jesus’ twelve apostles. Some traditions link him to Matthew as a twin, and the Syrian Church even identifies him as Jesus’ twin. A fisherman by trade, he became a dedicated missionary and is believed to have traveled to India around 52 CE, specifically Kerala, where he founded Christian communities. He is also connected with regions like Parthia and Persia. Honored as a saint in many Christian traditions, Thomas is remembered on July 3rd in the ELCA. He is also the patron saint of architects and builders because of a legend tying him to constructing a church in India, the site where he was martyred in 72 CE. His story reflects a journey from doubt to unwavering belief, leaving a lasting legacy.

So, what should we take away from St. Thomas’ famous encounter with our Lord? His story is significant because it highlights the challenge of believing in the Resurrection without physical proof, something those first-generation Christians also wrestled with. Further, it reassures believers that faith, even when accompanied by doubt, is valid and blessed (reread verses 27-29). My sense is that Thomas has been stuck with a bad rap over the centuries (how many of us, for example, remember him because of the nickname?). Perhaps stemming from my upbringing — and the willingness of the ELCA to reflect on difficult questions over time — doubt seems a perfectly natural part of our faith journey.

Sean Gladding, storyteller and pastor, has written a compelling commentary in a recent issue of The Christian Century on the subject of Thomas (April 2025, p. 31). Raised in a fundamentalist church, Gladding asserts that he ultimately left that tradition due to its insistence on “certainty” that often led to judgementalism and self-righteousness that seemed counter to the Jesus he came to know. Indeed, certainty often leaves no space for questioning or growth. As one who has now reached the elder stage of my Christian journey, I have learned this: faith thrives in the tension between knowing and not knowing, where doubt can serve as a catalyst for deeper belief rather than an obstacle. Doubt, in this interpretation, is not the enemy of faith but rather a companion in its journey—keeping faith humble, curious, and reliant on something greater. In embracing doubt as part of our faith journey, we honor the legacy of Saint Thomas—a reminder that belief deepens not through certainty, but through humility, curiosity, and the courageous trust in what cannot be seen.

Soli deo Gloria!

Prayer: A Door to Discovery

How strangely comforting, Lord,
That so many of your servants
Have doubted you.
So,
If I cannot always see the sense
Of your Word;
If I do not always feel confident
About my faith;
If I wonder where your love is
In the face of pain and death;
I am not the first.
A great company of saints and martyrs
Has felt this way before me.
Now, in your presence,
They see face to face
And know as they are known.
Teach me, like them,
Not so much to fear doubt
As to see it
As a sign of the mystery of life
And a door to discovery. Amen.

This poem is part of a series of worship resources posted on the Centre for MB Studies (CMBS) website (MB = Mennonite Brethren). In particular, the verse is several offered related to the story of Thomas’ encounter with the risen Lord and is drawn from The Church of Scotland’s website.

The Church of Scotland is Calvinist Presbyterian. Notably, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and the Presbyterian Church (USA) are in full communion with each other. This relationship was established in 1997 through an agreement called “A Formula of Agreement.” It means that the two denominations recognize each other’s ministries, share the Lord’s Supper, and collaborate in worship and mission while respecting their differences.


Musical Offering: Let My Love Be Heard (Jake Runestad)

Lyrics
Angels, where you soar
Up to God’s own light
Take my own lost bird
On your hearts tonight;
And as grief once more
Mounts to heaven and sings
Let my love be heard
Whispering in your wings

The Stellenbosch University Choir, founded in 1936, is South Africa’s oldest and most celebrated choir, renowned for its exceptional performances and diverse repertoire. Under the direction of André van der Merwe since 2003, the choir has achieved international acclaim, consistently ranking among the world’s top amateur choirs.

Update on “Faithful Conversations”

Join us on Sunday 27 April at 10:45 in the church library. We talk through the readings (some or all) in an informal setting — no prior preparation is necessary and all are welcome! Come and help us deepen our understanding of the readings!

And . . How about some “Doubting Thomas” humor?

Tim Wakeling is a cartoonist who lives in Chester, England. His cartoons aim to be gently humorous, mostly positive, and entirely black and white.

14-20 April 2025: Holy Week and Easter

Introduction to Readers

Egeria

. . . all the children who are gathered at the top of the Mount of Olives, including those who are not yet able to walk because they are too young and therefore are carried on their parents’ shoulders, all of them bear branches, some carrying palms, others, olive branches. And the bishop is led in the same manner as the Lord once was led. (Egeria, c. 380s)

Egeria, an intriguing 4th-century Christian nun from Roman Hispania, is noted for a detailed account of her pilgrimage to the Holy Land between 381 and 384. Preserved in fragments found in the Codex Aretinus and amazingly rediscovered in an Italian monastery in 1884 by archaeologist Gian Francesco Gamurrini (1835-1923), Egeria’s vivid descriptions of visits to Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Mount Sinai, and the Red Sea, offer insights into early Christian liturgical practices and sacred geography. The opening excerpt (above) describes her eye-witness account of a procession in Jerusalem — a reenactment of Jesus’ triumphal entry into the city, as played out for centuries in churches across the globe. Let’s imagine Egeria’s excitement as she stumbled on this early Palm Sunday celebration. Young children, laughing as they ride on their parents’ shoulders, carry palm and olive branches. The excited bishop, representing Christ, recreates Jesus’ entry, creating a vivid and participatory act of worship. I suspect this curious onlooker from Spain engaged many of those involved in conversations now lost in time.

Gian Francesco Gamurrini

And thus, we have arrived at this most sacred week of the year. Holy Week goes back to the 4th century, notably to St. Athanasius (c.296/98-373 — think Athanasian Creed) and St. Epiphanius (c.310/20-403). The earliest Christians focused on commemorating key events like Good Friday and Holy Saturday (Easter Vigil). By the 3rd century, other days of the week were added, and by the latter 4th century, the practice of observing the entire week with distinct events, such as Palm Sunday and Maundy Thursday, became more structured. Technically, Holy Week concludes on Holy Saturday (Easter Vigil), the day before Easter Sunday. However, Easter Sunday follows directly after and is part of the broader celebration of the Paschal Triduum, which includes Holy Thursday, Good Friday, Holy Saturday, and Easter Sunday. So, while not part of “Holy Week” itself, Easter Sunday is closely tied to its conclusion and significance.

Approaching this week’s Lectionary Readings

Athanasius
Epiphanius

Famed humorist Garrison Keillor (of Lake Wobegon fame) once remarked that “stories are the essence of civilization,” and I concur. Eye-witness accounts, like Egeria’s, bring history alive and Holy Week is punctuated with several dramatic stories that drive our faith. I encourage you to be patient this week and take on the readings of the Triduum (listed below), as well as those designated for Easter Day. Put yourselves in the shoes of those early Christians and imagine how their lives were impacted by the events they witnessed!

As always, thanks for visiting this space My two-part reflections this week will focus on the crucifixion and resurrection. I am drawing from the April edition of The Chistian Century and also utilizing a revised version of a post I did a year ago. The two familiar hymns included are powerful versions that you will enjoy.

The Readings for Easter Triduum

Easter Vigil (Holy Saturday)

Romans 6: 3-11
John 20: 1-18
Note: All 12 readings for Easter Vigil are found in ELW, page 269.

Easter Day

Acts 10: 34-43
(or Isaiah 65: 17-25)
Psalm 118: 1-2, 14-24
1 Corinthians 15: 19-26
Luke 24: 1-12
(or John 20: 1-18)

Look for the following theme as you explore the readings for Easter Day: THE TRIUMPH OF LIFE OVER DEATH THROUGH THE RESURRECTION OF JESUS CHRIST. They collectively emphasize God’s power to save, as seen in His work through Christ’s sacrifice and victory over the grave. The passages celebrate renewal, hope, and eternal life, urging believers to rejoice in the fulfillment of God’s promises. Together, they proclaim the message of salvation and the assurance of new life for all who believe.

Focus Passages from Luke (Gospel) and Acts (First Reading)

Luther’s Seal

TRY LUTHER’S METHOD!

Luther’s Revision of the Lectio Divina
(Three Steps)

Oratio (Prayer): This is the starting point, where one humbly prays for the Holy Spirit’s guidance to understand God’s Word. Luther emphasized that prayer prepares the heart and mind to receive divine wisdom.

Meditatio (Meditation): This involves deeply engaging with Scripture, not just reading it but reflecting on it repeatedly. Luther encouraged believers to “chew on” the Word, allowing its meaning to sink in and shape their thoughts and actions.

Tentatio (Struggle): Often translated as “trial” or “temptation,” this refers to the challenges and spiritual battles that arise as one seeks to live according to God’s Word. Luther saw these struggles as a way God refines faith, making it more resilient and authentic.

The crucifixion of Jesus is detailed in all four Gospels, each offering unique perspectives. Matthew 27:32–56 emphasizes the fulfillment of prophecy and Jesus’ kingship. Mark 15:21–41 highlights the suffering and abandonment Jesus endured. Luke 23:26–49 focuses on Jesus’ compassion, even in his final moments. And John 19:17–37 (this year’s Good Friday account) underscores Jesus’ divine authority and the fulfillment of Scripture.

Elizabeth L. Evans, an ordained deacon in the United Methodist Church, offers a compelling reflection on this moment in history, placing the events surrounding Jesus’ death within the context of the first century Roman Empire (The Christian Century, April 2025, page 20). Among other things, Evans points out that scapegoating—blaming and punishing innocent people to protect those in power—is a pattern that still exists today. Good Friday reminds us to reflect on who is being unjustly blamed in our time and to stand with them against injustice.

Crucifixion was the Roman Empire’s execution method of choice for rebels and insurrectionists. It was reserved for those whom the empire considered the lowest of the low, for those who threatened the status quo and questioned the legitimacy of the powerful. It was meant to be a public spectacle, a warning to all those watching that they would receive the same fate if they dared exalt anyone higher than Caesar. And this is the way that Jesus died: on the cross, as a despised rebel and enemy of the Roman Empire, in solidarity with the oppressed, with crowds of people rubbernecking from a distance. Perhaps this was precisely what the empire and the religious leaders found so threatening about Jesus—the way he subverted the norms that kept them in power. His love for others was . . . a radical love that, at its core, critiqued the power of the unjust. And it was, for this reason, that Jesus died an unjust death. The tragedy of Good Friday is that the tale of scapegoating and condemning innocents to die plays out in multiple contexts, in multiple eras, and in multiple ways. Unjust leaders will always seek to unite people against a real good enemy, in the interest of self-preservation. Good Friday is an annual reminder to consider who is scapegoated in our time for the benefit of those who inflict violence against God’s people, to ask who is crucified in our midst to distract from the crimes of those with institutional power.

The spiritual “Were You There When They Crucified My Lord?” has deep roots in African-American history. It was likely composed by enslaved African Americans in the 19th century and reflects their profound faith amidst suffering. This spiritual became widely recognized when it was included in the Episcopal Church hymnal in 1940, making it the first African-American spiritual to appear in a major American hymnal. Over time, it has been embraced across Christian traditions, including the ELCA (ELW, 353).

The Crucifixion, ca. 1625–30
Pedro Orrente (1580–1645)

Reflections: Part 2: The Resurrection

It has been said that history must first be imagined in order to be understood. Let’s imagine the dramatic events outside Jesus’ tomb recounted in the 24th chapter of Luke.

Mary of Magdala
(Modern Interpretation)

First, some background on Mary Magdalene. A fascinating individual, she is mentioned in all four Gospels as a follower of Jesus and witness to his crucifixion and resurrection. There are twelve references to her in the Gospels, more than any other woman, besides Mary, the mother of Jesus. Honored as a Saint within the Catholic Church, there is much we do not know about Mary of Magdala (another name for her). We commemorate her in the ELCA as Mary the Apostle on July 22nd. Most importantly, perhaps, Mary becomes the first person to carry the message of Jesus’ resurrection! (Sidenote: The Synoptic Gospels — Matthew, Mark, and Luke — all mention the other Mary being present at the tomb, presumably the mother of Jesus, while John does not. Some scholars suggest that the absence of the Virgin Mary in John’s account may have symbolic significance. Mary, as the mother of Jesus, represents the earthly relationship, while Mary Magdalene, as a disciple, represents the new community of believers in Jesus). 

The Disciples Peter and John running to the Sepulchre on the morning of the Resurrection by Eugene Burnand (1898).

Back to Luke’s account. Mary Magdalene and several women visited Jesus’ tomb and saw that the stone had been removed. Realizing that Jesus’ body was gone, they informed the apostles who doubted their story. Though Luke does not include Mary’s post-resurrection encounter with Jesus, Matthew, Mark, and John do. Mary who remained weeping outside the tomb, saw two angels where the body of Jesus had been. In a stunning moment Jesus appears to Mary, though she does not recognize him until he calls her by name. He told her that he was ascending to his Father “and your Father, to my God and your God.” Mary then announced what she has learned to the disciples. In a dramatic moment, Peter (and an unnamed companion) breathlessly run to the tomb to see for themselves — one of my favorite moments in this story, recounted most dramatically in John’s Gospel. Their excitement is palpable and rumbles across the centuries. (Sidebar: The “other disciple” may have been John, the writer of the Gospel, but there is no definitive identification. I have always been intrigued by the various passages in scripture that include unnamed individuals — see the Emmaus story in Luke 24, for example. Some have suggested such characters represent us). This remarkable moment, no doubt, marked these women, Peter, and his companion for the remainder of their lives. We hear from Peter again in the second reading from Acts. Speaking to a Gentile audience, he recounts Jesus’ crucifixion, burial, and resurrection roughly fifteen years after his dramatic encounter with the risen Christ (Acts 10: 39-41). In this way, the earliest Christians began to absorb the foundational stories of the faith.

The Burial of Christ by Titian (1490–1576). Joseph of Arimathea, Nicodemus and the Virgin Mary take Christ in the tomb watched by Mary Magdalene and Saint John the Evangelist.

What are we to make of all this two thousand years later? The deep, rich, and powerful stories we encounter during Holy Week remind us that as Christians, we are fundamentally an Easter people, racing toward that tomb, forever trying to grasp what happened there. Our faith journey is predicated on the acceptance of miracles — water turned to wine, blind people regaining their site, liberation from demonic possession — things we cannot explain. To many in our midst, this acceptance of the unexplainable is ridiculous — to them, we are chasing a fairy tale. But, as children of the light, we race on. The central miracle involves our Creator God sending his Son to share in our humanity, to walk the earth for roughly 33 years, to face betrayal, suffering, and a torturous death at the hands of Roman authorities. This Jesus took the dysfunction of the world, including the sins of humankind, upon himself, ultimately liberating us from sin and death, our greatest fear. The moment of his resurrection from the dead shines like a beacon in this unfolding drama we annually replay at this time of year. And, because we have been liberated, we are free to love and forgive others. Such forgiveness, at times, is a miracle in itself and runs contrary to the instincts of our broken and revenge-oriented culture. Miraculous forgiveness and victory over death — as Christians, our great gifts. Yes, we are an Easter people. We have a God who is faithful. Let us walk in the sunlight of his glorious resurrection!

Soli Deo Gloria!  

Musical Offering: Jesus Christ is Risen Today (ELW, 365)

The hymn “Jesus Christ is Risen Today” has a rich history rooted in Christian tradition. It originated as a 14th-century Latin hymn titled Surrexit Christus Hodie (“Christ is Risen Today”). Later translated into English in the early 18th century, the most well-known version appeared in the 1708 collection Lyra Davidica, which included both the lyrics and the lively tune we associate with the hymn today. The hymn celebrates the Resurrection of Christ and is often sung during Easter services. Its joyful refrain of “Alleluia” after each line emphasizes the triumph and hope of the Resurrection. Over time, it has become a beloved part of Easter worship across many Christian denominations.

The Anglican Hereford Cathedral provides a magnificent setting for this stirring hymn. Christians have worshipped at this site since the 8th century and the present structure dates back to 1079.

Prayer Reflection: The Eyes of God (Henri Nouwen)

Dutch Theologian Henri Nouwen (1932-1996)

Jesus looked at the human condition with the eyes of love and tried to teach us how to look at ourselves and others “from above” and not “from below,” where dark clouds obscure our vision. “I come from above,” Jesus told his disciples, “and I want you to be reborn from above so that you will be able to see with new eyes” (John 3:3). This is what spiritual theology is all about – looking at reality with the eyes of God.

Help us to see the world through your eyes, O God. Amen.

(Source: Henri Nouwen Society, Daily Meditation for 13 April 2025)

Update on Faithful Conversations

We will resume our in-person lectionary discussions after worship on 27 April at 10:45 in the church library. We talk through the readings (some or all) in an informal setting — no prior preparation is necessary and all are welcome! Come and help us deepen our understanding of the readings!