Faithful Conversations #91

Introduction to Readers:

“What is truth?” Pilate’s cynical question from John 18:38 has been on my mind this week. Merriam-Webster defines truth as the body of real things, events, and facts. Of all the disconcerting things in our present environment, disinformation seems especially fraught with danger: who and what do we believe? What information can we trust? Pilate’s question, perhaps, is remarkably relevant in 2024. More on that in a bit.   

The Liturgical Calendar

This week marks the end of the church year and Year B of the Lectionary Cycle. Some quick history. In 1925, responding to the brutal ravages of the Great War, Pope Pius XI designated the last Sunday in October as “Christ the King” Sunday. Witnessing totalitarian and secular forces marching across the globe, including the rise of communism in Russia and fascism in Italy and Spain (foreshadowing Nazism in Germany), the Pope sought to remind Christians of their true allegiance to God Almighty.   Later, as part of the reforms emerging from the Second Vatican Council, Christ the King Sunday was moved to where it sits in the lectionary today, the final Sunday of the liturgical calendar and hinge point into Advent. A reminder that the ELCA follows the Revised Common Lectionary that emerged in the 1990s, and Christ the King Sunday was absorbed from these earlier changes.

Thanks for visiting this space again this week! A reminder that the goal of this project is simply to engage with the Lectionary readings as a way of enhancing our faith journeys. We join millions of other Christians worldwide as we do this. One suggestion I might offer is to spend a few minutes with one reading per day, applying the four-question reading approach:

1. What is something new you learned from the reading? (NEW)
2. What is something that caught your attention and made you think? (REFLECT)
3. What did you read that relates to other reading you have done? (RELATE)
4. What would you like to discuss from the reading? (DISCUSS)

My reflections this week will focus on John 18, with references to the passage from Revelation.

Reading for Christ the King Sunday
Daniel 7: 9-10, 13-14
Psalm 93
Revelation 1: 4b-8
John 18: 33-37

Common Themes in the Readings for Christ the King Sunday
The readings for Christ the King Sunday emphasize the sovereignty and eternal reign of Christ as the King of all creation. Daniel 7:9-14 portrays a vision of God’s authority and the establishment of an everlasting kingdom, symbolizing the ultimate triumph of Christ. You will see a connection between the words from Daniel and Revelation 1:4b-8 declaring Jesus as the faithful witness, ruler of kings, and the Alpha and Omega, emphasizing His divine authority and role as the eternal King. Psalm 93 celebrates God’s majestic power and steadfast rule over the earth, affirming that His throne is eternal and unshakable. In John 18:33-37, Jesus reveals that His kingdom is not of this world, underscoring the spiritual and transcendent nature of His reign.

The Second Reading: Revelation 1: 4b-8
⁴ John to the seven churches that are in Asia: Grace to you and peace from him who is and who was and who is to come and from the seven spirits who are before his throne, ⁵ and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To him who loves us and freed us from our sins by his blood ⁶ and made us a kingdom, priests serving his God and Father, to him be glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen. ⁷ Look! He is coming with the clouds; every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all the tribes of the earth will wail on account of him. So it is to be. Amen. ⁸ “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.

The Gospel: John 18: 33-37
³³ Then Pilate entered the headquarters again, summoned Jesus, and asked him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” ³⁴ Jesus answered, “Do you ask this on your own, or did others tell you about me?” ³⁵ Pilate replied, “I am not a Jew, am I? Your own nation and the chief priests have handed you over to me. What have you done?” ³⁶ Jesus answered, “My kingdom does not belong to this world. If my kingdom belonged to this world, my followers would be fighting to keep me from being handed over to the Jews. But as it is, my kingdom is not from here.” ³⁷ Pilate asked him, “So you are a king?” Jesus answered, “You say that I am a king. For this I was born, and for this I came into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone who belongs to the truth listens to my voice.”
(Additional Verses: 38-40) ³⁸ Pilate asked him, “What is truth?” After he had said this, he went out to the Jews again and told them, “I find no case against him. ³⁹ But you have a custom that I release someone for you at the Passover. Do you want me to release for you the King of the Jews?” ⁴⁰ They shouted in reply, “Not this man but Barabbas!” Now Barabbas was a rebel.

Soli Deo Gloria!

prayer reflection: “beautiful savior, king of creation”  

Paul J. Christiansen
(1914-1997)

F. Melius Christiansen
(1871-1955)

Note: How many times have we heard and sung Beautiful Savior (hymn 838 in the ELW)?  Yet, this familiar hymn has several references to Jesus as King that I have never appreciated as much as I do after walking through this week’s Lectionary. If you’re interested in the fascinating history of the hymn, check this out.  One of the arrangements of the hymn that caught fire within our denomination came from Norwegian born F. Melius Christiansen who directed the St. Olaf Choir for thirty years. His son, Paul J. Christiansen, directed the Concordia Choir from 1937-1986, and made this song a staple in the choir’s repertoire. (Sidebar: In her college days, my mother Cathy sang under Christiansen at Concordia and took great pride in being the soloist on this particular song). I included the words here and a stirring version of the song performed by the Concordia Choir last year while in Rome. Enjoy!

An Announcement Regarding an Adult Education Opportunity! 

Faithful Conversations #90

Introduction to Readers:

Carol Wambheim
(1928-2024)

As a Christian, it makes perfect sense to me that various people come into our lives to show us how to live. I was reminded of that on Saturday while attending my Aunt Carol’s funeral. It was a simple and contemplative service rooted in Lutheran tradition. Among the many interesting things about her journey, those who spoke mentioned that in the last week of her life (age 96) she participated in a Bible study, something she did throughout her life. Additionally, we learned that she practiced the spiritual discipline of prayer each morning. We left inspired.

We have reached the penultimate Sunday in Year B of the Lectionary (second to last), and two of this week’s readings remind us of Apocalyptic literature in the Bible. That word — apocalypse — derives from a Greek word meaning to uncover, disclose, or reveal (think “Revelation”). In a broad sense, apocalyptic literature within the Jewish and Christian communities flourished from roughly 200 B.C.E. to 200 C.E. The writers reflected great despair about their own times (which often included persecution) and signaled God’s imminent return to defeat the forces of evil in the world. The literary genre featured the seismic battle between God and Satan, revealing a divinely determined time schedule when the final conflict would ensue, ushering in a new and perfect world order. Various denominations — the ELCA, not so much — place great emphasis on the Apocalyptic writings and if you’re interested in a deeper dive into their role in U.S. history, here is a good article. 

Thanks for visiting this space again this week! In my reflections, I will provide some framing for the passages from Daniel and Mark.

Pentecost 26 Readings
Daniel 12: 1-3
Psalm 16
Hebrews 10: 11-25
Mark 13: 1-8

Common Themes in the Pentecost 26 Readings

Look for these themes in this week’s readings: hope, endurance, and the promise of God’s ultimate deliverance. In Daniel 12:1-3, the prophecy speaks of a time of great tribulation followed by the resurrection and eternal reward for the faithful, emphasizing God’s power to save. Psalm 16 expresses deep trust in God as the source of refuge and security, reinforcing the belief that God’s presence offers steadfast protection amid uncertainty. Hebrews 10:11-25 encourages believers to hold fast to their faith and gather together, reminding them of Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice and the assurance of forgiveness. In Mark 13:1-8, Jesus warns of future trials, urging his followers to remain vigilant and trust in God’s plan despite the signs of chaos and suffering in the world. Together, these texts highlight the call to persevere with faith, trust in God’s promises, and look forward to the fulfillment of God’s redemptive work.

The First Reading: Daniel 12: 1-3: The Resurrection of the Dead
At that time Michael, the great prince, the protector of your people, shall arise. There shall be a time of anguish such as has never occurred since nations first came into existence. But at that time your people shall be delivered, everyone who is found written in the book. ² Many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life and some to shame and everlasting contempt. ³ Those who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the sky, and those who lead the many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever.

The Gospel: Mark 13: 1-8: Destruction of the Temple Foretold
As he came out of the temple, one of his disciples said to him, “Look, Teacher, what large stones and what large buildings!” ² Then Jesus asked him, “Do you see these great buildings? Not one stone will be left here upon another; all will be thrown down.” ³ When he was sitting on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter, James, John, and Andrew asked him privately, ⁴ “Tell us, when will this be, and what will be the sign that all these things are about to be accomplished?” ⁵ Then Jesus began to say to them, “Beware that no one leads you astray. ⁶ Many will come in my name and say, ‘I am he!’ and they will lead many astray. ⁷ When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed; this must take place, but the end is still to come. ⁸ For nation will rise against nation and kingdom against kingdom; there will be earthquakes in various places; there will be famines. This is but the beginning of the birth pangs.

Soli Deo Gloria!

prayer reflection: transitions 

Note: Regular readers know that I am a fan of Nouwen. This is from the Henri Nouwen Society’s website from 9 November 2024. It seems timely and spoke to me during the period of transition we are experiencing in the months ahead in our nation and world.

Henri Nouwen
(1932-1996)

One of the most radical demands for you and me is the discovery of our lives as a series of movements or passages. When we are born, we leave our mothers’ womb for the larger, brighter world of the family. It changes everything, and there is no going back. When we go to school, we leave our homes and families and move to a larger community of people where our lives are forever larger and more expansive. Later when our children are grown and they ask us for more space and freedom than we can offer, our lives may seem less meaningful. It all keeps changing. When we grow older, we retire or lose our jobs, and everything shifts again. It seems as though we are always passing from one phase to the next, gaining and losing someone, some place, something. You live all these passages in an environment where you are constantly tempted to be destroyed by resentment, by anger, and by a feeling of being put down. The losses remind you constantly that all isn’t perfect and it doesn’t always happen for you the way you expected; that perhaps you had hoped events would not have been so painful, but they were; or that you expected something from certain relationships that never materialized. You find yourself disillusioned with the irrevocable personal losses: your health, your lover, your job, your hope, your dream. Your whole life is filled with losses, endless losses. And every time there are losses there are choices to be made. You choose to live your losses as passages to anger, blame, hatred, depression, and resentment, or you choose to let these losses be passages to something new, something wider, and deeper. The question is not how to avoid loss and make it not happen, but how to choose it as a passage, as an exodus to greater life and freedom.

Faithful Conversations #88

Introduction to Readers:

The Wittenberg Castle Church

There are moments in history that send shock waves into the future. 507 years ago this week, on October 31, 1517—All Hallows’ Eve—Martin Luther, in a bold and strategic move, posted his 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church. The next morning — All Saints’ Day — local parishioners were greeted by Luther’s wide-ranging protest against church practices he deemed unbiblical as they gathered for Mass. Among other things, he challenged the sale of indulgences and the theology behind them, including the notion of purgatory and All Souls’ Day (the next day). As he painstakingly studied the scriptures, this monk of the Augustinian Order, argued that salvation came through faith in Christ alone (sola fide), and upon death, souls go directly to eternal life or separation from God, without an intermediate state. This bold act followed by a confluence of several historical forces, sparked the Protestant Reformation, a profound rupture within western Christianity.

Carol Johnson Wambheim
(1928-2024)

As spiritual descendants of Luther and other reformers, it’s important to remember that, despite our differences, we still share beliefs and traditions with our Roman Catholic brothers and sisters, including the celebration of All Saints’ Day this week. Profound in meaning, we remind ourselves of this beautiful tradition each Sunday in the words of the Apostle’s Creed. Indeed, we are surrounded by the “Communion of Saints” in our daily walk. This has special meaning for me and my family this week owing to the death of our Aunt Carol, an inspirational individual and faith mentor! At age 96, she was the last link to my parent’s generation and her passing brings that odd mixture of deep sadness and joy that resurrection people experience when a family member dies. She joins the cloud of witnesses mentioned in Hebrews, surrounding us — encouraging us — as we await Christ’s return (sidebar: the word encourage literally means to strengthen the heart and grow in courage!). Spend some time this week reflecting on the saints who live on and encourage your hearts! 

Once again, thanks for visiting this space each week and may we continue to inspire each other as we grapple with the scriptures. Again, I listed the readings designated for Pentecost 24 but realize that we follow the All Saints lection. My reflections will highlight the second reading from Revelation 21 with connections drawn to Psalm 24.  And finally, this week’s blog is dedicated to my Aunt Carol.   

All Saints Sunday Readings
Isaiah 25: 6-9
Psalm 24
Revelation 21: 1-6a
John 11: 32-44

Reflection: “Simul Justus et peccator”

Growing up steeped in Lutheranism, the book of Revelation was always presented as being “interesting” in a mysterious kind of way, but not central for us. Part of this, I believe, came from the fact that other denominations, especially those with a literalist bent, relied on it as a predictor of the “end times,” and we were discouraged from such interpretations. **That said, this week’s passage flips the script a bit and prompts me to think about the Kingdom of Heaven in a new way (I need to explore this further, but consider this a start). God and heaven are not “out there” somewhere both in time and space, but rather are here and now among us (verse 3). This idea is mirrored in Psalm 24: 7-10 as well. This squares with the Christian notion of simultaneously walking in two worlds, the temporal and the eternal.     

“Heaven on Earth”
Natural Heritage Site
Thailand

And that brings us to All Saints Day. In his commentary on Romans (his favorite book), Martin Luther gave voice to one of the bedrocks of Lutheranism, that in our Christian journey, we are both sinner and saint. (Luther wrote and delivered lectures in Latin and the phrase Simul Justus et Peccator is how he would have said it). Our faith in Jesus Christ means our salvation has been decided once and for all. Nevertheless, we continue to navigate a broken world that snares us into sin, a continual reminder of our need for daily repentance. In a liberating act of love, God has enabled us to catch glimpses of heaven in our midst that surprise and encourage us — experiences and people that affirm God’s presence here and now. Let’s look for those this week and share them with those around us!   

Faithful Conversations #87

Introduction to Readers:

The Revised Common Lectionary is a guideline for churches, not a mandate. For the next two Sundays, denominations that have roots in the Protestant Reformation utilize different texts than those prescribed in the RCL. Next Sunday we commemorate the Reformation, and I am listing those readings first. Part one of my commentary, partially a repeat from a year ago, will focus on Psalm 46. I am also listing the RCL readings (for your interest) and in part two will focus on the Hebrews passage as I have done for several weeks. Thanks for your continued interest in the Lectionary! 

Reformation Sunday Readings
Jeremiah 31: 31-32
Psalm 46
Romans 3: 19-28
John 8: 31-36

Common Themes in the Reformation Sunday Readings
The readings for Reformation Sunday highlight themes of covenant, freedom, and the transformative power of faith. In Jeremiah, God’s promise of a new covenant emphasizes the deep, personal relationship between God and His people. Psalm 46 reinforces the notion of God’s protection and strength amid chaos, while Romans underscores the significance of grace and faith in achieving righteousness (sidebar: Romans was Luther’s favorite book). Finally, John speaks to the liberating truth found in Christ, illustrating that true freedom comes from living in accordance with His teachings.

(And the readings designated for Pentecost 23)
Jeremiah 31: 7-9
Psalm 126
Hebrews 7: 23-28
Mark 10: 46-52

Reflection (part 1): the reformation hymn

Martin Luther
Augustinian Monk

507 years ago, this week (October of 1517), the rebellious Augustinian monk Martin Luther posted his famed Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany prompting debates that, over time, fractured Roman Catholicism and planted the seeds for the Protestant Reformation. He saw the world through the prism of a cosmic struggle between good and evil, something that comes through clearly in his writing. A brilliant and complex individual, Luther spent years translating the Bible into German, produced tracts and commentaries that fill volumes, and produced a large and small catechism for the education of both clergy and common people. A gifted musician, Luther also wrote hymns — thirty-six are attributed to him. Most famously, he composed Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, known to us as A Mighty Fortress is our God (hymn number 504 in the ELW). Known as “The Battle Hymn of the Reformation,” Luther most likely penned it between 1527-1529, according to Anglican clergyman and hymnology expert John Julian.

Luther’s Hymn — An Early Printing

Luther loved the Psalms, referring to them as the “Bible in miniature.” Psalm 46 held a special place in his heart, specifically in 1527 with the plague surging through Europe while Luther faced enormous pressures in his own life, including the near death of his son. Reflecting on Psalm 46, Luther made the following gritty observation:  “We sing this psalm to the praise of God, because He is with us and powerfully and miraculously preserves and defends His church and His word against all fanatical spirits, against the gates of hell, against the implacable hatred of the devil, and against all the assaults of the world, the flesh, and sin.”  There are many great versions of this powerful hymn available, and this one by the St. Olaf Choir is especially majestic. Take a listen while you explore Psalm 46 adjacent to the lyrics of the hymn — imagine the mind of Luther at work!

“Holy Hill”
Black River Falls, Wisconsin
(Photo: Joel Busse)

And something to think about today: As is true in every community, the forces of history echo across time. Driving up main street in our small city, the Protestant Reformation is illustrated by the structures atop “Holy Hill!” St. Joseph Catholic Church and Evangelical Lutheran Church are not more than fifty meters apart!   

Reflection (part 2): luther and hebrews

Lutheran Humor

And finally, since we are thinking about Luther this week, a quick commentary on his reservations about the book of Hebrews. (Sidebar: I like to think Luther had a good sense of humor and would appreciate the cartoon here!). Anyway, here is what I have learned thus far. He questioned its authorship and theological content. He believed it lacked apostolic authority since the author was unknown and not clearly associated with the apostles, whom Luther regarded as primary sources of Christian doctrine. Luther was also uneasy about Hebrews’ theological emphasis on works and its interpretation of Christ’s priesthood, which he felt conflicted with his doctrine of justification by faith alone. Particularly, Hebrews 6:4-6, which warns against falling away after receiving salvation, troubled Luther as it seemed to challenge the permanence of grace. Consequently, he considered Hebrews less central to the canon, although he did not reject it entirely. Whew! I am trying to imagine what it may have been like to have theological discussions with this guy!   

Here is the Hebrews passage from Pentecost 23 (Chapter 7: 23-28) 
²³ Now there have been many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office; ²⁴ but because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent priesthood. ²⁵ Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them. ²⁶ Such a high priest truly meets our need—one who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners, exalted above the heavens. ²⁷ Unlike the other high priests, he does not need to offer sacrifices day after day, first for his own sins, and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all when he offered himself. ²⁸ For the law appoints as high priests men in all their weakness; but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son, who has been made perfect forever.

A couple things to think about here. First, it is important to recall that Hebrews was written as a homily — a sermon — to convince second generation Christians to stay the course, to see the events of their lifetime within God’s cosmic plan. And remember that many of the first hearers were facing persecution for the faith or had witnessed such persecution. Second, as a teacher, I am impressed by the REPETITION that is utilized by the writer — a great technique to reinforce a powerful idea. This passage, for example, builds on last week’s reading in that it reinforces Jesus’ role as High Priest in the grand scheme of God’s plan for salvation, fulfilling the prophecies of old.  What differentiates Christ from all others is that he is holy, blameless, and pure, and that he forever intercedes on our behalf. And note the use of the phrase “once for all,” that is repeated in 9:12, 9:26, 10:2, and 10:10. ONCE FOR ALL (verse 27), Jesus sacrificed for their sins. Let that idea grab hold of your heart this week and share the good news!  

Faithful Conversations #86

Introduction to Readers:

Henri Nouwen
(1932-1996)

“I am increasingly convinced that it is possible to live the wounds of the past not as gaping abysses that cannot be fulfilled and, therefore, keep threatening us as gateways to new life. The ‘gateless gate’ of Zen and the ‘healing wounds of Christ’ both encourage us to detach ourselves from the past and trust in the glory to which we are called.”

As Christians guided by the Holy Spirit, we carry a centuries-old tradition in our hearts. In fact, we visit our spiritual ancestors each week while exploring the Lectionary. Yet, as Nouwen reminds us (above), it is through that faith that we continually find liberation from the past — approaching “gateways to new life.” I have been thinking about that space between the old and new life this week and our role as believers navigating that space. I will revisit this in the prayer reflection in this week’s blog.

Two other things by way of introduction this week. First, we are three weeks out (Tuesday) from Election Day 2024. Of course, millions of people have already voted early across the country. Like many others, I have a bad case of “election fatigue” this year and am weary of the anger and mistrust within the body politic that we witness day to day. That said, I want to share this statement from the ELCA Conference of Bishops and commend it to your reading. May God guide our nation and the world in the days ahead.

Cathryn Wambheim Rykken
(1924-2013)

And second, my mother, Cathryn Wambheim Rykken, was born one hundred years ago this Sunday (20 October 1924). Beyond being a wonderful mom and faith mentor, she was a gifted English teacher and musician. I watched her command a classroom many times during my school years, and any skills I may possess as a teacher, I owe to her. She was strict, but always with a dash of humor, and had a knack for communicating with all people, especially those that needed a lift. This week’s blog is dedicated to her.

Thanks, as always, for visiting this space again this week! My short reflections will again focus on the Hebrews passage. This is the third of seven references to this book in the Year B readings. In addition, I’m posting the Gospel here and want to make that a subject of our discussion (among other things) in our Sunday meeting.

The Readings for Pentecost 22
Isaiah 53: 4-12
Psalm 91: 9-16
Hebrews 5: 1-10
Mark 10: 35-45

Common Themes in the Pentecost 22 Readings!
As you explore the readings for Pentecost 22, look for the following themes: suffering, intercession, and servant leadership. Isaiah emphasizes the transformative power of suffering, portraying the servant who bears the pain of many, while Psalm 91 reflects on divine protection and faithfulness in times of trouble. Hebrews highlights the role of Jesus as a compassionate high priest who empathizes with human weakness, bridging the divine and the mortal. Mark challenges notions of power and greatness, calling believers to embrace humility and service, reinforcing the idea that true leadership is rooted in selflessness and sacrifice.

The Second Reading: Hebrews 5: 1-10 (Focus Reading)
Every high priest chosen from among mortals is put in charge of things pertaining to God on their behalf, to offer gifts and sacrifices for sins. ² He is able to deal gently with the ignorant and wayward, since he himself is subject to weakness, ³ and because of this he must offer sacrifice for his own sins as well as for those of the people. ⁴ And one does not presume to take this honor but takes it only when called by God, just as Aaron was. ⁵ So also Christ did not glorify himself in becoming a high priest but was appointed by the one who said to him, “You are my Son; today I have begotten you”; ⁶ as he says also in another place, “You are a priest forever, according to the order of Melchizedek.” ⁷ In the days of his flesh, Jesus offered up prayers and supplications, with loud cries and tears, to the one who was able to save him from death, and he was heard because of his reverent submission. ⁸ Although he was a Son, he learned obedience through what he suffered, ⁹ and having been made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him, ¹⁰ having been designated by God a high priest according to the order of Melchizedek.

The Gospel: Mark 10: 35-45
³⁵ James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came forward to him and said to him, “Teacher, we want you to do for us whatever we ask of you.” ³⁶ And he said to them, “What is it you want me to do for you?” ³⁷ And they said to him, “Appoint us to sit, one at your right hand and one at your left, in your glory.” ³⁸ But Jesus said to them, “You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I drink or be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?” ³⁹ They replied, “We are able.” Then Jesus said to them, “The cup that I drink you will drink, and with the baptism with which I am baptized you will be baptized, ⁴⁰ but to sit at my right hand or at my left is not mine to appoint, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared.” ⁴¹ When the ten heard this, they began to be angry with James and John. ⁴² So Jesus called them and said to them, “You know that among the gentiles those whom they recognize as their rulers lord it over them, and their great ones are tyrants over them. ⁴³ But it is not so among you; instead, whoever wishes to become great among you must be your servant, ⁴⁴ and whoever wishes to be first among you must be slave of all. ⁴⁵ For the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve and to give his life a ransom for many.”

Reflections: Jesus the high priest  

One of my father’s common statements when discussing theology was, “Well, that remains a bit of a mystery to us.” His words echoed in my brain while tackling the Hebrews passage this week, especially when confronting Melchizedek. Who was this guy? As with many figures in scripture, he has been a subject of great debate. Here is some basic information about him.

“The Meeting of Abraham and Melchizedek”
Peter Paul Rubens
(1577-1640)

Melchizedek is mentioned in the Bible in Genesis 14:18-20, where he is introduced as the King of Salem (later known as Jerusalem) and a Priest of God Most High, who blesses Abram. He is also referenced in Psalm 110:4, which declares that the Messiah will be a priest forever in the Order of Melchizedek. In the New Testament, the Book of Hebrews (particularly chapters 5-7) elaborates on Melchizedek’s significance, drawing parallels between his eternal priesthood and the Priesthood of Jesus Christ. This connection emphasizes Jesus as both a king and a priest, fulfilling and surpassing the role of Melchizedek in the divine plan of salvation. (Sidebar: Luther, by the way, posited an interesting theory about the identify of Melchizedek, which I will not get into. You can read about it here!). 

How should we interpret his rather complicated story?  This is a good place to think about a fancy term — Christological exegesis — simply put, a method of Biblical interpretation that seeks to understand and interpret Scripture in light of the person and work of Jesus Christ. In practice, this means looking for prophetic or direct references to Jesus in both the Old and New Testaments. (For example, a Christological exegesis might explore how the sacrificial system in the Old Testament prefigures Christ’s ultimate sacrifice on the cross). Though Melchizedek “remains a mystery,” the writer of Hebrews who is speaking to second-generation Christians, interprets the Old Testament passages that point to the coming of Jesus Christ and his role as savior, and the ultimate mediator between Christians and “God, the Father Almighty.” Let that sink in today!

Soli Deo Gloria! 

Faithful Conversations #84

Introduction to Readers:

None of us succeed in life “on our own,” and I am wary of those who posit that notion. We have all been lifted by many along our path. As a historian and teacher, mentors of famous individuals have long intrigued me (think Socrates and Plato, Plato and Aristotle, Aristotle and Alexander the Great, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, George Washington and Alexander Hamilton, Mademoiselle Souvestre and Eleanor Roosevelt, to name a few).  

Howard Washington Thurman
(1899-1981)

Mentors have been on my mind this week prompted, in part, by reading portions of Deep is the Hunger by theologian Howard Thurman, a man whose articulation of the philosophy of non-violent opposition to unjust laws, coupled with the pursuit of inner transformation, dramatically impacted Martin Luther King, Jr. in the 1950s. (Thurman had been a classmate of MLK’s father at Morehouse College in the 1920s and in the 1930s, as a young clergyman, traveled to India, notably spending a good deal of time with Gandhi!).

I encourage you to think about the spiritual mentors in your life as you work through this week’s lectionary readings, especially the Hebrews passage. Who guided you in your faith formation, and how did they do that? Who have you mentored in the faith, if you have been blessed with that opportunity? These are good questions for us to consider.

Between now and the end of November, as we reach the final phase of the readings for Year B of the three-year lectionary cycle, we will interact with the book of Hebrews seven times. Count this week’s blog as my opening volley in that regard — exploring a book that has never captured my attention much. I have much to learn, and I hope you will explore with me! As always, thanks for visiting this space again this week and your continued interest in exploring the scriptures on a deeper level. You are an inspiration in that regard!

The Readings for Pentecost 20
Genesis 2:18-24
Psalm 8
Hebrews 1: 1-4, 2: 5-12
Mark 10: 2-16

Common Themes in the Pentecost 20 Readings!
Look for the following themes in this week’s readings: creation, human relationships, and the significance of Christ. Genesis 2:18-24 highlights the creation of human partnership, emphasizing the importance of companionship. Psalm 8 praises the dignity and responsibility of humanity in creation, marveling at God’s care for humankind. Hebrews 1:1-4, 2:5-12 and Mark 10:2-16 both focus on Christ’s authority, His solidarity with humanity, and the call to live in right relationships, particularly in marriage and family.

Focus Reading: Hebrews 1: 1-4, 2: 5-12
Long ago God spoke to our ancestors in many and various ways by the prophets, ² but in these last days he has spoken to us by a Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom he also created the worlds. ³ He is the reflection of God’s glory and the exact imprint of God’s very being, and he sustains all things by his powerful word. When he had made purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, ⁴ having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs.

⁵ Now God did not subject the coming world, about which we are speaking, to angels. ⁶ But someone has testified somewhere,

Now in subjecting all things to them, God left nothing outside their control. As it is, we do not yet see everything in subjection to them, ⁹ but we do see Jesus, who for a little while was made lower than the angels, now crowned with glory and honor because of the suffering of death, so that by the grace of God he might taste death for everyone.

¹⁰ It was fitting that God, for whom and through whom all things exist, in bringing many children to glory, should make the pioneer of their salvation perfect through sufferings. ¹¹ For the one who sanctifies and those who are sanctified all have one Father. For this reason, Jesus is not ashamed to call them brothers and sisters, ¹² saying, “I will proclaim your name to my brothers and sisters; in the midst of the congregation, I will praise you.”

Reflections:

As mentioned, Hebrews receives a good deal of attention in the Lectionary for the next two months. Let me offer a few markers for you prior to reading it. First, the authorship of the book has always been disputed (sidebar: Luther was not enthusiastic about Hebrews, and I hope to understand that better in the weeks ahead!). Second, it was written around 70 C.E. for a community of second-generation Greek speaking Christians, many of whom had Jewish background. Third, the recipients of the letter (which is really a sermon) apparently enthusiastically embraced the story of Christ initially but drifted into a malaise over time (note chapter 10).  The sermon was meant to draw them back — to remind them of their heritage and the promise of salvation. In this regard, Hebrews is remarkably relevant for us in 2024!

And here are a couple things to keep in mind when reading the specific verses for this week. I encourage you to compare 1: 1-4 with the opening of John’s Gospel (1: 1-18) or Philippians 2: 6-11 (known as the Christ Hymn). The opening lines also bring to mind the Nicene Creed, and especially these words:

We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ,
the only Son of God,
eternally begotten of the Father,
God from God, Light from Light,
true God from true God,
begotten, not made,
of one Being with the Father;
through him all things were made.
For us and for our salvation
he came down from heaven,
was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the virgin Mary
and became truly human.
For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate;
he suffered death and was buried.
On the third day he rose again
in accordance with the scriptures;
he ascended into heaven
and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead,
and his kingdom will have no end. 

In the second passage (2: 5-12) the writer connects the people to the Old Testament (Psalm 8 is quoted in Hebrews 2: 6-8a), reminding them that God created them for glory and honor (“for a little while lower than angels”). Remember, they were “drifting” (10: 32-39) and needed to hear these words — it feels a bit like a pep talk! Christ is then portrayed as a “pioneer” (2: 11) who charts our course and ultimate salvation.

We should often remind ourselves that the words we are reading in the scriptures were written for a certain time and place, but they clearly were also meant as a letter to the future. We are hearing directly from our spiritual mentors in these words!

Soli Deo Gloria! 

Faithful Conversations #83

Introduction to Readers:

St. John’s Abbey Church
Collegeville, Minnesota

Sacred spaces and their relation to our faith journeys have been on my mind this week prompted, in part, by travels west to attend an “All-70s” reunion at West Fargo High School (proud member of the class of 1975!). One stop along the route was St. John’s University in Collegeville, Minnesota. Thirty years ago, this summer, I spent a month there in a study program with 25 other teachers from around the country. We were studying the writings of Machiavelli with a renowned scholar, but that became secondary due to my absorption into the day-to-day life of the Benedictine Monastery. I read “The Rule of St. Benedict” and joined the Monks in the rhythm of their daily prayers. I tried to imagine Luther’s struggle with Roman Catholicism (they had a huge section of their library devoted to Luther, by the way). This moment of repose came at a moment in my life when I needed help, and I felt the presence of God in that place, profoundly. Walking the grounds again this week brought it all back to me. (Sidebar: Unk, my father, came to visit me there and jokingly asked, “We aren’t going to lose you to the Catholics are we? A perfect example of his humor). I urge you to think about sacred spaces in your life this week, past and present. We live in a time and within a culture that crowds out the sacred spaces of our lives, and I am convinced that so many sisters and brothers in our midst are struggling with anxiety, anger, depression, and hopelessness because of that.

Although each of the readings this week offer a great deal of food for thought, my reflections will focus on Psalm 19. As always, thanks for visiting this space again this week, and I pray that your time with the scriptures is meaningful!

The Readings for Pentecost 19
Numbers 11: 4-6, 10-16, 24-29
Psalm 19: 7-14d
James 5: 13-20
Mark 9: 38-50

Common Themes in the Pentecost 19 Readings!
The readings for Pentecost 19 are rich with insight for our daily lives! They emphasize themes of leadership, community, humility, and personal responsibility. In Numbers, Moses struggles with the burden of leading a complaining people and shares authority with others, showing the need for shared leadership and God’s provision. Psalm 19 praises God’s laws as perfect and life-giving, urging personal reflection and moral integrity. In James, the power of prayer and confession is highlighted, while in Mark, Jesus teaches humility, inclusion, and the need for self-discipline to avoid causing harm to others or oneself spiritually.

Psalm 19: God’s Gory in Creation and the Law

Reflections:

C.S. Lewis
(1898-1963)

“I take this to be the greatest poem in the Psalter and one of the greatest lyrics in the world.” (C.S. Lewis)

Prolific Christian author C.S. Lewis enjoyed the artistry of the writing in Psalm 19.  Known as both an instructional and creation Psalm, this poem from David celebrates the glory of God as revealed through both the order of creation (verses 1-6) and the order of His divine law (verses 7-10). The heavens declare God’s majesty, while His laws are described as perfect, trustworthy, and life-giving, guiding people toward righteousness. The psalm concludes with a personal prayer for forgiveness and purity (verses 11-14), asking that both words and thoughts be pleasing to God. What should we take away from this powerful and poetic Psalm?

God’s order in our lives runs in and through this poem. The first portion reminds me of significance of sacred spaces in our lives, in this case God’s creation.  No words can adequately describe the breathtaking beauty of the natural world. We can feel it walking on the shores of Lake Michigan, hiking in Alaska, or gliding on a river in a canoe. We can feel it in a memory from our youth of a sacred encounter. And it is good to be reminded that we need sacred spaces, including time, in our lives. Our world does so much to take that from us, if we are not mindful of it.

The second portion reminds us of the positive and instructive nature of God’s law, as presented to us in the scriptures (note the six references to the law). Again, think order. Luther, recall, taught that the law served two purposes. First, it taught us how to live in this world as children of God, both in our relationship to the Triune God and with our neighbors. And second, it reminds us that no one is perfect and that we are all in need of salvation. The third portion, a prayer, reminds us that submission to God is the starting point for order in our lives. Full stop.

And finally, dwell on verse 14 for a few moments — there is much there. We have heard these words many times from the pulpit, and we should write them on our hearts. There is a wonderful symmetry here between this verse and verse 3 (“there is no speech, nor are there words”). And though David wrote these words ten centuries before Christ walked this earth, as Christians we believe that the “meditation of our hearts” points us to Jesus in new and powerful ways every day. This is news that we need to share!

Soli Deo Gloria!

A PRAYER REFELCTION (Inspired by James 5: 13-20)
(Note: This week’s passage from James is the fifth and final reference to the Epistle in the Lectionary for Year B). 

Faithful Conversations #82

Introduction to Readers:

Thomas Jefferson in 1801
(1743-1826)
Artist: Rembrandt Peale

This week marks the fourth go-round on James in the Lectionary (there is one more). While researching this week’s passage, I stumbled upon an excellent commentary by a man named Doug Bratt, a retired minister of the Christian Reformed Church of North America, a denomination with Dutch roots and Calvinist bent. What especially caught my attention was his reference to Thomas Jefferson, primary author of the Declaration of Independence and our third President. Teaching Jefferson always proves complicated, especially owing to his toxic relationship to slavery. You might also find his views on religion surprising!

Thanks for visiting this space again and I hope your reading and reflections on scripture are going well! I am on the road for part of this week attending an “All-70s Reunion” out in West Fargo where I graduated high school in 1975. In fact, I will be speaking at a memorial service that is part of the reunion activities, so that should be a unique experience. After a short summary of the common themes among this week’s readings, I am sharing the commentary on James as noted above, and a compelling poem by Walter Brueggemann.

The Readings for Pentecost 18
Jeremiah 11: 18-20
Psalm 54
James 3: 13 – 4: 3, 7-8a
Mark 9: 30-37

Common Themes in the Pentecost 18 Readings
The common themes among the readings for Pentecost 18 emphasize trust in God amidst persecution and suffering, as seen in Jeremiah’s plea for divine justice and the psalmist’s cry for deliverance. Humility and submission to God are highlighted in James, who contrasts earthly ambition with the peace and righteousness that come from heavenly wisdom. In Mark, Jesus teaches that true greatness comes through humility and service, as he predicts his own suffering and elevates the least, symbolized by a child. Together, the readings call for reliance on God’s justice, humility, and a reversal of worldly expectations of power.

Focus Reading: James 3: 13 – 4: 3, 7-8a

¹³ Who is wise and knowledgeable among you? Show by your good life that your works are done with gentleness born of wisdom. ¹⁴ But if you have bitter envy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not be arrogant and lie about the truth. ¹⁵ This is not wisdom that comes down from above but is earthly, unspiritual, devilish. ¹⁶ For where there is envy and selfish ambition, there will also be disorder and wickedness of every kind. ¹⁷ But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, without a trace of partiality or hypocrisy. ¹⁸ And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace.

4 Those conflicts and disputes among you, where do they come from? Do they not come from your cravings that are at war within you? ² You want something and do not have it, so you commit murder. And you covet something and cannot obtain it, so you engage in disputes and conflicts. You do not have because you do not ask. ³ You ask and do not receive because you ask wrongly, in order to spend what you get on your pleasures.

⁷ Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. ⁸ Draw near to God, and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded.

Reflections: 

Here is the link for the commentary by Doug Bratt.